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Papers On Canadian Studies
Page 28 of 37
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The Advancement of Equal Rights in Canada in Relation to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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This is an 8 page paper discussing whether or not Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has allowed for significant advancement of equality rights in Canada. In 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms included within it Section 15 on �Equality Rights� which guaranteed all individuals equal protection before and under the law without any discrimination especially based on any of the nine factors of �race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability�. The second part of the Section also guaranteed the right to affirmative action programs without discrimination. Since that time, the concepts of �equality� and human dignity have become a prominent aspect of the law and even within cases which are not based on Constitutional concerns, equality is very much a large part. Different elements of the legal system have undergone revisions in order to recognize the need for equality within all areas. Some areas such as age discrimination or interprovincial legal differences still need further development in regards to the inequality which still exists. Overall however, it has been felt that the Charter has brought about a noticeable improvement in regards to equality in the country especially concerning the rights of women and minorities and the increased awareness within the legal system that equality is considered an important element of every case.
Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJChart1.rtf
The Bank of Canada
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the history, function and significance of the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada was founded in 1934 as a privately owned corporation and became a Crown corporation in 1938 belonging to the federal government. Since 1938, the Minister of Finance holds the entire share capital issued by the Bank although the Bank of administered by a Governor and a Board of directors. The original Bank of Canada Act of 1934 defines the central role of the Bank of Canada is to �promote the economic and financial well-being of Canada� and the four main responsibilities of the Bank are monetary policy, central banking services, bank notes and administering public debt.
Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJCanIn1.rtf
The Bioaccumulation of Toxins in the Canadian Arctic
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the bioaccumulation of toxins in the Canadian Arctic. Presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which include pesticides, industrial compounds, and combustion by-products are one of the major environmental and health concerns within the Canadian Arctic regions today. Measurement of POP bioconcentration or bioaccumulation levels within the Arctic have determined that the toxic contaminants primarily do not originate within the Arctic and therefore are transported there through air or water currents or migratory animals. The contaminants are considered persistent because they are able to exist for a great length of time and can tolerate many conditions. POPs are also lipophilic in which they are concentrated in the fats of animals. Because of this, bioaccumulation levels are higher in those animals which are higher on the food chain such as humans and polar bears as the contaminants get passed on through the digestion of the fat of animals with POPs in their system and makes them an extreme health hazard.
Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJtoxic1.rtf
The Brain Drain in Canada
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This 6 page paper considers the brain drain which occurs between Canada and the United States. This is not a new phenomenon, but has been occurring for decades. This paper looks back to the 1930's and demonstrates that the causes of migration then are the same as the push and pull factors on the labour market in the current day. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcanbdr.wps
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom � Is It Effective?
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This is a 4 page paper which discusses the effectiveness of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom on sexism in Canada.
The bibliography has 4 sources.
Filename: JHChar.rtf
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of the document and argues that the charter is too lenient and obstructs justice. Canadian crime is looked at as well. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA28Can.wps
The Canadian Criminal Code: A Numbers Game?
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(5 pp) In the case of prisons, the United States
is the leader in incarceration rates in the Western
world, while Canada is usually ranked in the top
three. It is estimated that 4,000,000 offenders
will be imprisoned in the United States by the
year 2000. In Canada, as compared to the U.S.,
there is less punitiveness in sentencing for most
crimes, but the trends for "getting tough" are
emerging. Changes in juvenile justice legislation
and judges' sentencing practices, and the
tightening of parole guidelines are increasing
Canada's incarceration rate perceptibly
Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BBcrmCan.doc
The Canadian Federal Government: Actions Toward Reducing Inflation and Unemployment
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the inflation and unemployment rates in Canada over the past thirty years. Inflation reducing policies introduced by the federal government are discussed along with some suggestions for further reductions in inflation and unemployment.
Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCanFd1.rtf
The Canadian Forestry Industry
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This 5 page paper looks at the history and prospects of the forest products sector in Canada by looking at both general market conditions as well the situation of individual companies using both discussion and statistics. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEpulpca.wps
The Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST)
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since its implementation in January 1991, the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been an excessive burden to the consumers, businesses, corporations, financial institutions and the federal government itself. The initial implementation costs because of manufacturer costs associated with new accounting systems alone for example reached an estimated $1 million per taxpayer. The continuing annual administration costs to comply are estimated at around $500,000 per taxpayer in addition to a total cost to small businesses of over $1.2 billion annually. The Tax Executives Institute was hired in 1994 to assess the system and while it admitted that the GST system was better for international business than the previous FST (the federal sales tax system it replaced but was invisible to the consumer), overall the administration of the system should be modified to have a higher threshold for registration (introduced and still at $30,000 for small businesses), a lower tax rate, but with fewer exemptions to decrease administrative costs among others. The government did not implement these recommendations so that in addition to the continued annual burden on tax payers in Canada, according to the budget released in February 2003 the government now has to reimburse several educational and municipal organizations for GST payments retroactive to the year the GST was introduced; an additional cost to the Canadian tax payer which has yet to be determined.
Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJGSTCn1.rtf
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